Sialic acid is a family of acidic sugars found naturally on the surfaces of cells and in bodily fluids. It plays a critical role in cellular communication, immune response, and the stability of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Acting as a protective molecular “cap,” sialic acid helps regulate interactions between cells and pathogens, enhancing immune defense and reducing infections. It is prominently present in human milk, contributing to infant brain development and cognitive function. Additionally, sialic acid influences cell signaling and helps maintain the structural integrity of cell membranes. Due to its biological significance, sialic acid has gained attention in nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Its involvement in brain health, skin protection, and immune modulation makes it a valuable ingredient in functional formulations.

Sialic acid is widely used in dietary supplements to support cognitive development, immune health, and overall cellular function. In infant nutrition, it is a vital component of formulas that aim to mimic the benefits of human breast milk. The cosmetic industry incorporates sialic acid for its moisturizing and skin barrier-enhancing properties, helping to improve skin hydration and resilience. Pharmaceutical and biomedical fields explore sialic acid for developing therapies targeting immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, sports and wellness products utilize its cell-protective functions to promote recovery and vitality. With increasing consumer demand for natural, science-driven ingredients, sialic acid is becoming a key functional compound across multiple health-related sectors.